| Lecture 1 |
| Intro | Bioelectromagnetism, Main topics, Textbook, Interdisciplinary sciences |
| 1.1 - 1.2 | Bioelectromagnetism, Subdivisions of bioelectromagnetism |
| 1.3 | Bioelectric phenomena, Generation of bioelectric signals, Importance of bioelectromagnetism, Funny example |
| 1.4 | History of bioelectromagnetism, William Gilbert, Jan Swammerdam, Luigi Galvani, Electrotherapy |
| 1.4.3 | Hans Christian Ørstedt, Hans Berger - EEG, Magnetocardiogram, Hermann Helmholtz, Nernst equation |
| Lecture 2 |
| I | Anatomical basis of bioelectromagnetism, Nerve and muscle cell, Cell membrane, Motoneuron |
| 2.2.3 | Synapse, Striated muscle, Bioelectric function, Response of the membrane potential, Conduction of nerve impulse |
| 3 | Subthreshold membrane phenomena, Nernst equation, Electric potential and field, Nernst-Planc equation, Illustration |
| 3.3 | The origin of resting voltage, Electric circuit of membrane, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, Reversal voltage, Transmembrane ion flux |
| Lecture 3 |
| 3 | Subthreshold membrane phenomena, Nernst equation, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, Transmembrane ion flux |
| 3.6 | Cable equation of the axon, Steady state response, Stimulation with step-current, Strength-duration relation |
| 4 | Active behavior of the membrane, Voltage clamp method, Space clamp, Voltage clamp |
| 4.2.3 | Voltage clamp, Examples, Transmembrane ion flux, Preparation of an axon, Fugu fish |
| 4.4 | Hodgin-Huxley model, Parallel conductance model, Voltage clamp experiments, Model for potassium conductance |
| Lecture 4 |
| 4.4 | Hodgkin-Huxley model, Parallel conductance model, Potassium conductance, Model for potassium conductance |
| 4.4.4 | Sodium conductance, Model for sodium conductance, A model for channel gating |
| 4.4.5 | Hodgin-Huxley equations, Sodium and potassium conductances, Propagating nerve impulse |
| 4.5 | Patch clamp method, Current through a single ion channel, Modern understanding of the ionic channels |
| 5 | Synapses, receptor cells and brain, Excitatory and inhibitory synapses, Spatial and temporal summation, Electric model of the synapse |
| Lecture 5 |
| 4.4 - 4.5 | Model for potassium and sodium conductances, Nobel Prize 1991, Patch clamp method |
| 5 | Synapses, receptor cells and brain, Reflex arch, Division of sensory and motoric functions, Cranial nerves |
| 6 | The heart, Anatomy and physiology of the heart, Cross-section video, Striated muscle, Syncytium |
| 6.1 | Cardiac cycle, Generation of bioelectric signal, Conduction system, Intrinsic frequency, Electrophysiology of the heart |
| 6.2.2 - 6.3 | Total excitation of the isolated human heart, Genesis of the electrocardiogram |
| Lecture 6 |
| II 7 | Volume source and volume conductor |
| 7.2 | Bioelectric source and its electric field |
| 7.2.2 | Volume source in a homogeneous volume conductor |
| 7.3 | The concept of modeling |
| 7.4 | The human body as a volume conductor |
| 7.5 | Forward and inverse problems |
| Lecture 7 |
| 7.1 - 7.3 | Volume source, Piecewise homogeneous volume conductor, Green's theorem, Dipole |
| III 11 | Theoretical methods, Solid angle theorem, Double layer, Inhomogeneous double layer, Double layer sources |
| 11.4 | Lead Vector, Ohm's Law, lead vector concept, Lead voltage between two measurement points |
| 11.4.3 | Einthoven triangle, Burger Model, Variation of the Frank model |
| 11.5 | Lead vector, Image surface, Points inside the image surface, Design of orthonormal lead systems |
| Lecture 8 |
| 11.2 | Solid angle theorem, Double layer source, Lead vector |
| 11.5 | Image surface, Design of orthonormal lead systems |
| 11.6 | Lead field, Sensitivity distribution, Linearity, Superposition |
| 11.6.3 | Reciprocity, Hermann von Helmholtz, Historical approach, Electric lead |
| 11.6.5 | Ideal lead field, Effect of electrode configuration, Synthesizing an ideal lead field |
| Lecture 9 |
| 11.6 | Review of lead field concept, Sensitivity distribution, Reciprocity and electric lead |
| 11.7 | Gabor-Nelson theorem, Summary of the theoretical methods |
| 12.1 - 12.2 | Biomagnetism, Equations, Biomagnetic fields |
| 12.3 | Reciprocity theorem for magnetic fields, Equations for electric and magnetic leads |
| 12.4 - 12.8 | Magnetic dipole moment, Ideal lead field, Synthesization of ideal magnetic lead, Radial and tangential sensitivities |
| Lecture 10 |
| 12.3 | Reciprocity theorem for magnetic fields, Biomagnetic fields repeated |
| 12.4 - 12.9 | Magnetic dipole moment, Special properties of magnetic lead fields |
| 12.11 | Sensitivity distribution of basic magnetic leads, Magnetometers |
| 12.10 | Independence of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields, Helmholtz theorem |
| IV 13 -13.6 | Electroencephalograpy, EEG lead systems, Behavior of EEG signal |
| 14.1, 14.2 | Magnetoencephalography, History, Sensitivity distribution, Axial and planar gradiometers |
| 14.3 | Comparison of EEG and MEG half sensitivity, Electrode in the source region |
| 14.3, 14.4 | Effect of skull resistivity, Summary. |
| Lecture 11 |
| V 15, 15.1 | 12-lead ECG system, Waller, Einthoven |
| 15.2 | ECG Signal |
| 15.3 - 15.5 | Wilson central terminal, Goldberger leads, Precordial leads |
| 15.6, 15.7 | Modifications of the 12-lead system, The information content of the 12 lead system |
| Lecture 12 |
| 16 - 16.2.3 | VCG Lead systems, Uncorrected VCG lead systems |
| 16.3 | Corrected VCG Systems, Frank lead system |
| Lecture 13 |
| 16.3.1 | Frank lead system repeated |
| 16.3.2 - 16.3.5 | Lead systems: McFee-Parungao, SVEC III, Gabor-Nelson |
| 16.4 | Discussion on VCG leads |
| 17 - 17.4 | Other lead systems, Moving dipole, Multiple-dipole model, Multipole, Clinical diagnosis |
| 17.4 | Summary of models used |
| 18 - 18.3 | Distortion factors in ECG, Effect of the inhomogeneities, Brody effect |
| Lecture 14 |
| 18.3 – 18.5 | Brody effect, Direction of ventricular activation, Effect of blood resistivity |
| 19 – 19.4 | The basis of ECG diagnosis, The application areas of ECG diagnosis, Electric axis of the heart, Ventricular arrhythmias |
| 19.5 – 19.7 | Disorders in the activation sequence, Myocardial ischemia and infarction |
| 20 | Magnetocardiography, History, Standard grid |
| Lecture 15 |
| 20.3 | Magnetocardiography, Methods for detecting magnetic heart vector, McFee lead system, XYZ-lead system, ABC-lead system |
| 20.4 – 20.6 | Sensitrivity distribution, Generation of MCG signal |
| 20.7 | Clinical applications: Fetal MCG, DC-MCG |
| 20.7 | General solution for the clinical application, Theoretical aspects, Helmholz's theorem |
| 20.7. II | The electromagnetocardiography method (EMCG), Clinical study, Results |
| Lecture 16 |
| VI, 21 | Electric and magnetic stimulation, History, Applications, Taser |
| 22, VII, 23 | Magnetic stimulation, History, Principle of magnetic stimulation, Distribution of stimulation current, Electric and magnetic stimulation of the heart, Pacemakers |
| 24 | Cardiac defibrillation, Mechanism, Defibrillator devices |
| VIII, 25 – 25.3 | Measurement of the intrinsic electric properties of biological tissues, Impedance cardiography, Signals, Origin of the impedance signal |
| Lecture 17 |
| 25.3, 25.4 | Impedance cardiography, Signals, Origin of the signal |
| 25.4.5 – 25.6 | Accuracy of the impedance cardiography, Other applications of impedance pletysmography |
| 26 | Impedance tomography, Measurement methods, Image reconstruction |
| 27, 28 | Electrodermal response, Lie detector, EOG, Electroretinogram |
| Lecture 18 |
| Summary I | Objectives, Discipline bioelectromagnetism |
| Summary II | Subthreshold membrane phenomena, Nerst equation, Origin of the resting voltage |
| Summary III | Active behavior of the membrane, Voltage clamp, Results |
| Summary IV | Bioelectric sources and conductors, Models |
| Lecture 19 |
| Summary V | Theoretical methods in bioelectromagnetism, Solid angle theorem, Image surface, Linearity, Superposition, Electric lead |
